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Legal socialization is ''the process through which, individuals acquire attitudes and beliefs about the law, legal authorities, and legal institutions''. This occurs through individuals' interactions, both personal and vicarious, with police, courts, and other legal actors. To date, most of what is known about legal socialization comes from studies of individual differences among adults in their perceived legitimacy of law and legal institutions, and in their cynicism about the law and its underlying norms. adults' attitudes about the legitimacy of law are directly tied to individuals' compliance with the law and cooperation with legal authorities.〔http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776646/〕 According to June L. Tapp, “compliance to laws and respect for authority is variously called socialization, internalization of norms, conformity to rules, identification, moral internalization, and conscience formation. Regardless of nomenclature, psychologists have attended to the problem of compliant behaviour as an aspect of socialisation research, crucial to the maintenance of the social system. Essentially socialisation is the process whereby members of a society learn its norms and acquire its values and behaviour patterns”〔http://red.pucp.edu.pe/ridei/files/2012/09/120915.pdf〕 Legal socialization consists of an individual’s attitudes toward the legal system (referred to as legitimacy), the law (legal cynicism), and moral codes that guide behaviour (moral disengagement) ==Legal internalisation and jurisprudential reception and process of acculturation== Internalisation (or internalization) in sociology and other social sciences is the process of acceptance of a set of norms and values established by people or groups which are influential to the individual through the process of socialisation. John Finley Scott described internalisation as a metaphor in which something (i.e. an idea, concept, action) moves from outside the mind or personality to a place inside of it. The structure and the happenings of society shapes one’s inner self and it can also be reversed. The process of internalisation starts with learning what the norms are, and then the individual goes through a process of understanding why they are of value or why they make sense, until finally they accept the norm as their own viewpoint.〔 Internalised norms are said to be part of an individual’s personality and may be exhibited by one’s moral actions. However, there can also be a distinction between internal commitment to a norm and what one exhibits externally. Through internalisation individuals accept a set of norms and values that are established by other individuals, groups, or society as a whole. Norm acceptance, norm confirmity and norm compliance can be achieved by coercion, acultuaration, or persuasion. But the commitment to the law can be better achieved by process of internalisation and legitimacy of law helpful in this process.〔Koh, Harold Hongju, " Internalization Through Socialization " (2005). Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 1786. http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_paper s/1786〕 According to Marju Luts reception is chiefly defined as the transfer of a legal phenomenon of a different legal culture, other area or other period of time to a new legal climate. Awareness of the recipient that its activity is truly the adoption of an element of law that is, in a legal-cultural context, hitherto alien (or already forgotten). The matter is further specified on the basis of whether such awareness is characteristic of the whole recipient society or only the initiators of reception.〔http://www.juridicainternational.eu/?id=12458〕 awareness, Voluntariness The Author(s): Chantal Kourilsky-Augeven believe pre-eminence previously given to the transmission processes of values, norms and behavioural models should be renounced in favour of a definition of legal socialisation during childhood and adolescence, from the perspective of the subject playing an active part; Law must be considered as a fundamental part of the culture the subject belongs to; The subject acquires the common knowledge of the dominant legal culture in his society by “legal acculturation of the subject” ; In parallel occurs the “acculturation by the subject” concerning different objects of the common legal culture. The “legal acculturation of the subject” would thus occur thanks to the transmission by school (or other channels conveying of the common culture), integrating the historical experience assimilated by national culture and fundamental concepts and values of the national legal heritage (in particular regarding the state, the citizen, law or justice) while the subject would himself proceed to the “acculturation of these concepts” in light of the codes of interpretation of reality acquired within his close environment in order to integrate them within his own system of representations.〔http://www.ejls.eu/1/13UK.htm#_ftn1〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Legal socialization」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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